Shift Bit Register in PLC

There are many instructions in PLC that help in executing the logic in a simplified way. Instructions come in various categories like arithmetic, comparison, logical, controller, etc. For example, a simple addition instruction for adding two variables comes in the arithmetic category. So, similarly, many types of instructions are available in a PLC logic.

One such instruction which is widely used in PLC programming is shift instruction. It comes in the category of numerical processing.

In this article, we will learn the concept of shift bit register instruction in PLC programming.

Shift Bit Register in PLC

As the name implies, a shift instruction is a command for shifting bits of a word by some predefined position.

For example, you have a word of 16 bits. You want to move bit number 3 from its current fourth position to the seventh position. So, whenever a shift command pulse is given, the bit will shift in each trigger from the fourth position to the seventh position.

In that continuity, the bit in the fifth position will move to the eighth position; and the bit in the third position will move to the sixth position. So, here, you are shifting the bits in a group by the number of positions you define.

Shift Instruction

Shift instructions come in two types – shift and rotate. Let us have a look at the rotate instruction. Consider a syntax – %MW10:= SHL (%MW12, 4). %MW10 is the destination memory word and %MW12 is the source memory word.

Refer to the below image. In %MW10, when a first trigger for shift left is given, bit0 shifts to bit1, and so on. This result is stored in %MW12. When such triggers are given four times, ultimately, bit 0 will shift finally to bit 4, and so on.

The end result is stored in %MW12 anyways and you get a final answer of the bits shifted by four positions from the source word. But, one thing to remember is, with each shift, the preceding bit is filled with value 0. This you can see clearly in the image.

After the first shift, the first bit in %MW12 is 0. So, after four shifts, the end result will be – 0000 1101 1100 0000. This shift can thus be either right or left.

One more type of shift comes in PLC; the earlier one added zeroes from the preceding position, but this second type keeps the value of the first bit (MSB for right and LSB for left) as it is. This is called arithmetic shifting.

So, if the value of the first bit (MSB for right and LSB for left) initially before the shift was 1, then the last bit will remain as 1 only and the zeroes will be added from the second preceding bit up to how many times the shift command is given. It is to be noted that the last bit which is shifted is always stored in a carry bit.

Rotate Instruction

The second type is rotate instruction. Consider the syntax – %MW10:= ROL (%MW12, 4). %MW10 is the destination memory word and %MW12 is the source memory word. We will use the same above image for reference. Rotate instruction, as the name defines, just rotates the bits by how many positions you define.

Compared to shift instruction where zero was added after every preceding bit; here, the bits are just shifted in the same sequence as it is in the left direction. So, suppose you have a source word of – 1100 1010 1100 0101; then, after a trigger of 4 positions, the end result will be – 1010 1100 0101 1100. The same logic works in the right direction. The last bit shifted is also stored in a carry bit.

One more type comes in the rotate category. Here, instead of shifting only 16 bits, the carry bit to is rolled over. This means, the last bit is shifted to the carry bit, and the carry bit will then be shifted to the first bit, and so on. In the earlier type, the last bit was only stored in the carry bit.